Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 66, Issue 15, Pages 2405-2426Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0017-3
Keywords
Estrogen and progesterone receptors; SERMs and tamoxifen; Crystal structures; Breast and endometrial carcinoma
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Funding
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) at the University Hospital of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
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Research involving estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) have greatly contributed to our understanding of cell signaling and transcriptional regulation. In addition to the classical ER and PR nuclear actions, new signaling pathways have recently been identified due to ER and PR association with cell membranes and signal transduction proteins. Bio-informatics has unveiled how ER and PR recognize their ligands, selective modulators and co-factors, which has helped to implement them as key targets in the treatment of benign and malignant tumors. Knowledge regarding ER and PR is vast and complex; therefore, this review will focus on their isoforms, signaling pathways, co-activators and co-repressors, which lead to target gene regulation. Moreover it will highlight ER and PR involvement in benign and malignant diseases as well as pharmacological substances influencing cell signaling and provide established and new structural insights into the mechanism of activation and inhibition of these receptors.
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