4.2 Article

Modulation of Nuclear Shape by Substrate Rigidity

Journal

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOENGINEERING
Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 230-238

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12195-013-0270-2

Keywords

Nucleus; LINC complex; Substrate rigidity; Mechanosensing; Polyacrylamide gels

Funding

  1. National Science Foundation [CMMI 0954302]
  2. NIH [R01 EB014869]

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The nucleus is mechanically coupled to the three cytoskeletal elements in the cell via linkages maintained by the LINC complex (for Linker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton). It has been shown that mechanical forces from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be transmitted through the cytoskeleton to the nuclear surface. Here we quantified nuclear shape in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts on polyacrylamide gels with a controlled degree of cross-linking. On soft substrates with a Young's modulus of 0.4 kPa, the nucleus appeared rounded in its vertical cross-section, while on stiff substrates (308 kPa), the nucleus appears more flattened. Over-expression of dominant negative Klarsicht ANC-1 Syne Homology (KASH) domains, which disrupts the LINC complex, eliminated the sensitivity of nuclear shape to substrate rigidity; myosin inhibition had similar effects. GFP-KASH4 over-expression altered the rigidity dependence of cell motility and cell spreading. Taken together, our results suggest that nuclear shape is modulated by substrate rigidity-induced changes in actomyosin tension, and that a mechanically integrated nucleus-cytoskeleton is required for rigidity sensing. These results are significant because they suggest that substrate rigidity can potentially control nuclear function and hence cell function.

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