Synergistic Regulation of Angiogenic Sprouting by Biochemical Factors and Wall Shear Stress

The process of sprouting angiogenesis involves activating endothelial cells (ECs) in a quiescent monolayer of an existing vessel to degrade and migrate into the underlying matrix to form new blood vessels. While the roles of biochemical factors in angiogenic sprouting have been well characterized, the roles of fluid forces have received much less attention. This review summarizes results that support a role for wall shear stress in post-capillary venules as a mechanical factor capable of synergizing with biochemical factors to stimulate pro-angiogenic signaling in ECs and promote sprout formation.