Journal
CELLS TISSUES ORGANS
Volume 194, Issue 2-4, Pages 274-278Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000324647
Keywords
Bone cells; Hypoxia; Autophagy; Autophagic flux; Hypoxia inducible factor 1
Funding
- NIH [RO1 DE010875, RO1 DE013319, RO1 DE016383, T32 AR052273]
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania - Department of Health [4100026302]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES [T32AR052273] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL &CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH [R01DE013319, R01DE016383, R01DE010875] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The goal of this investigation was to ascertain whether bone cells undergo autophagy and to determine if this process is regulated by environmental factors. We showed that osteocytes in both murine and human cortical bone display a punctuate distribution of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, indicative of autophagy. In addition, we noted a basal level of autophagy in preosteocyte-like murine long bone-derived osteocytic (MLO)-A5 cells. Autophagy was upregulated following nutrient deprivation and hypoxic culture, stress conditions that osteocytes encounter in vivo. Furthermore, in response to calcium stress, the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 regulated MLO-A5 autophagy. Finally, we showed that the more differentiated MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells exhibited a significant basal autophagic flux. Based on these findings, we suggest that raising the level of autophagic flux is a mechanism by which differentiated bone cells survive in a stressful environment. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel
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