Transplantation of Undifferentiated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protects Against 6-Hydroxydopamine Neurotoxicity in the Rat

Stem cells have been increasingly recognized as a potential tool to replace or support cells damaged by the neurodegenerative process that underlies Parkinson's disease (PD) In this frame, human adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to heterologous embryonic or neural precursor cells To address this issue, in this study we implanted undifferentiated hMSCs into the striatum of rats bearing a lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway induced by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a widely recognized rodent model of PD Before grafting, cultured hMSCs expressed markers of both undifferentiated and committed neural cells, including nestin, GAP-43. NSE, beta-tubulin III, and MAP-2, as well as several cytokine mRNAs No ghat or specific neuronal markers were detected Following transplantation. some hMSCs acquired a glial-like phenotype. as shown by immunoreactivity for ghat fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). but only in animals bearing the nigrostriatal lesion More Importantly, rats that received the striatal graft showed increased survival of both cell bodies and terminals of dopaminergic. nigrostriatal neurons. coupled with a reduction of the behavioral abnormalities (apomorphine-induced turning behavior) associated with the lesion No differentiation of the MSCs toward a neuronal (dopaminergic) phenotype was observed in vivo In conclusion. our results suggest that grafted hMSCs exert neuroprotective effects against nigrostriatal degeneration induced by 6-OHDA The mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be clarified, although it is likely that the acquisition of a ghat phenotype by grafted hMSCs may lead to the release of prosurvival cytokines within the lesioned striatum