A novel Omega-class glutathione S-transferase gene in Apis cerana cerana: molecular characterisation of GSTO2 and its protective effects in oxidative stress

Oxidative stress may be the most significant threat to the survival of living organisms. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) serve as the primary defences against xenobiotic and peroxidative-induced oxidative damage. In contrast to other well-defined GST classes, the Omega-class members are poorly understood, particularly in insects. Here, we isolated and characterised the GSTO2 gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccGSTO2). The predicted transcription factor binding sites in the AccGSTO2 promoter suggested possible functions in early development and antioxidant defence. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analyses indicated that AccGSTO2 was highly expressed in larvae and was predominantly localised to the brain tissue in adults. Moreover, AccGSTO2 transcription was induced by various abiotic stresses. The purified recombinant AccGSTO2 exhibited glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase and peroxidase activities. Furthermore, it could prevent DNA damage. In addition, Escherichia coli overexpressing AccGSTO2 displayed resistance to long-term oxidative stress exposure in disc diffusion assays. Taken together, these results suggest that AccGSTO2 plays a protective role in counteracting oxidative stress.