Journal
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages 483-489Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2003.09.011
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Funding
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [T32HL007237] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL07237] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD07009] Funding Source: Medline
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Lymphocytes are important in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Blocking co-stimulatory signals for T-cell activation has been widely used as an approach to treating autoimmunity, but it has encountered limited clinical success. Some agonistic monoclonal antibodies to co-stimulatory molecules greatly enhance immune responses mediated by T cells, such as antiviral, anti-tumor and alloresponses. Surprisingly, recent studies have demonstrated that these agonists have profound therapeutic effects on autoimmune diseases by potentially depleting autoreactive lymphocytes or by inhibiting their function. These findings imply that signaling through co-stimulatory molecules can have diametric outcomes in modulating immune responses, thereby providing a novel approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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