4.8 Article

Reprogramming fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells with Bmi1

Journal

CELL RESEARCH
Volume 21, Issue 9, Pages 1305-1315

Publisher

INST BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.107

Keywords

reprogramming; transdifferentiation; neural stem cells; induced pluripotent stem cells; Bmi1; Oct4

Categories

Funding

  1. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea [SC-5150]
  2. Korea Food and Drug Administration [09172KFDA653]
  3. Korea government (MEST) [2010-0020347]
  4. Max Planck Society
  5. Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01GN0539]
  6. National Research Foundation of Korea [2010-0020347] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 in combination with c-Myc. Recently, Sox2 plus Oct4 was shown to reprogram fibroblasts and Oct4 alone was able to reprogram mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) into iPS cells. Here, we report that Bmi1 leads to the transdifferentiation of mouse fibroblasts into NSC-like cells, and, in combination with Oct4, can replace Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc during the reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPS cells. Furthermore, activation of sonic hedgehog signaling (by Shh, purmorphamine, or oxysterol) compensates for the effects of Bmi1, and, in combination with Oct4, reprograms mouse embryonic and adult fibroblasts into iPS cells. One-and two-factor iPS cells are similar to mouse embryonic stem cells in their global gene expression profile, epigenetic status, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation into all three germ layers, as well as teratoma formation and germline transmission in vivo. These data support that converting fibroblasts with Bmi1 or activation of the sonic hedgehog pathway to an intermediate cell type that expresses Sox2, Klf4, and N-Myc allows iPS generation via the addition of Oct4.

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