Journal
CELL RESEARCH
Volume 18, Issue 10, Pages 985-996Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.278
Keywords
microRNA; evolution; subfunctionalization; neofunctionalization
Categories
Funding
- Burroughs Wellcome Foundation
- V Foundation for Cancer Research
- Sidney Kimmel Foundation for Cancer Research
- NIH, USA [R01-GM083300, U01-HG004261]
- NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE [U01HG004261] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM083300] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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microRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of similar to 22 nucleotide (nt) regulatory RNAs that are pervasive in higher eukaryotic genomes. In order to fully understand their prominence in genomes, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that can diversify miRNA activities. In this review, we describe some of the many strategies that allow novel miRNA functions to emerge, with particular emphasis on how miRNA genes evolve in animals. These mechanisms include changes in their sequence, processing, or expression pattern; acquisition of miRNA* functionality or antisense processing; and de novo gene birth. The facility and versatility of miRNAs to evolve and change likely underlies how they have become dominant constituents of higher genomes.
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