Journal
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 117, Issue 4, Pages 355-362Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.117.4.355
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A gray sea] (Halichoerus grypus) was trained to touch a target on its left or right by responding to pointing signals. The authors then tested whether the sea] would be able to generalize spontaneously to altered signals. It responded correctly to center pointing and head turning, center upper body turning, and off-center pointing but not to head turning and eye movements alone. The seal also responded correctly to brief ipsilateral and contralateral points from center and lateral positions. Pointing gestures did not cause the seal to select an object placed centrally behind it. Like many animals in similar studies, this gray seal probably did not understand the referential character of these gestures but rather used signal generalization and experience from initial operant conditioning to solve these tasks.
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