Journal
PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 67-78Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1094-5539(02)00099-8
Keywords
emphysema; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; inflammation; proteases; lung; apoptosis
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Emphysema results from a multi-step, complex, process of lung destruction. This review aims at organizing the available information concerning the animal models of emphysema as to which step of the pathogenesis they address. The experimental models have been classified as to whether they are based on: (a) pharmacological, (b) environmental, or (c) genetic manipulations to induce emphysema and whether they are: (a) triggers or initiators of emphysema, (b) modifiers of lung predisposition to further damage by trigger factors, or (c) mediators of lung tissue destruction. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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