Journal
CELL CYCLE
Volume 11, Issue 24, Pages 4536-4544Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/cc.22575
Keywords
iPSC engineering; reprogramming; efficiency; safety; reprogramming factor cocktails; delivery system; identification; natural reprogramming; direct conversion
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Funding
- Shanghai Pujiang Program [07pj14001]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771144]
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
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Reprogramming somatic cells into a pluripotent state is expected to initiate a new era in medicine. Because the precise underlying mechanism of reprogramming remains unclear, many efforts have been made to optimize induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) engineering. However, satisfactory results have not yet been attained. In this review, we focus on recent roadblocks in iPSC reprogramming engineering, such as the inefficiency of the process, tumorigenicity and heterogeneity of the generation. We conclude that cell reprogramming is a naturally occurring phenomenon rather than a biological technique. We will only be able to mimic the natural process of reprogramming when we fully understand its underlying mechanism. Finally, we highlight the alternative method of direct conversion, which avoids the use of iPSCs to generate cell materials for patient-specific cell therapy.
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