Estimation of exposure to dietary acrylamide based on mercapturic acids level in urine of Polish women post partum and an assessment of health risk

We determined metabolites of acrylamide and glycidamide concentrations (AAMA and GAMA, respectively) in urine of 93 women within the first days after delivery, using LC-MS/MS. The median AAMA and GAMA levels in urine were 20.9 mu g/l (2.3 divided by 399.0 mu g/l) and 8.6 mu g/l (1.3 divided by 85.0 mu g/l), respectively. In smokers we found significantly (P < 0.01) higher levels of metabolites in comparison with the non-smoking women. As demonstrated by the 24-h dietary recall, acrylamide intake was low (median: 7.04 mu g/day). Estimated exposure to acrylamide based on AAMA and GAMA levels in the whole group of women was 0.16 mu g/kg b.w./day (1.15 mu g/kg b.w./day, P95). We found significantly (P < 0.05) higher exposure in women who consumed higher amount of acrylamide in the diet (= 10 mu g/day vs o10 mu g/day). A weak but significant positive correlation between acrylamide intake calculated on the basis of urinary levels of AAMA and GAMA and estimated on the basis of 24-h dietary recall (r = 0.26, P < 0.05) was found. The estimated margin of exposure values were below 10 000 and ranged from 156 for 95th percentile to 1938 for median acrylamide intake. Our results have shown that even a low dietary acrylamide intake may be associated with health risk.