Journal
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Volume 77, Issue 23, Pages 12543-12551Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.23.12543-12551.2003
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI48678, R01 AI048678] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI048678] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Enveloped viruses are highly dependent on their lipid envelopes for entry into and infection of host cells. Here, we have examined the role of cholesterol in the virus envelope, using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin depletion. Pretreatment of virions with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin efficiently depleted envelope cholesterol from influenza virus and significantly reduced virus infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. A nonenveloped virus, simian virus 40, was not affected by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin treatment. In the case of influenza virus, infectivity could be partially rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. Influenza virus morphology, binding, and internalization were not affected by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin depletion, whereas envelope cholesterol depletion markedly affected influenza virus fusion, as measured by a specific reduction in the infectivity of viruses induced to fuse at the cell surface and by fluorescence-dequenching assays. These data suggest that envelope cholesterol is a critical factor in the fusion process of influenza virus.
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