Journal
CELL CALCIUM
Volume 75, Issue -, Pages 53-63Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.08.004
Keywords
Zinc; Zn2+; Zinc transporters; ZnT; ZIP; ZnR/GPR39; Zinc signaling; Zinc biology; Cancer; Inflammation; Neurological diseases; Bone; Epithelia; Mammary gland; Immune system
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Funding
- Israel Science Foundation [891/14, 544/15]
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Zinc is an essential micronutrient affecting many aspects of human health. Cellular Zn2+ homeostasis is critical for cell function and survival. Zn2+, acting as a first or second messenger, triggers signaling pathways that mediate the physiological roles of Zn2+. Transient changes in Zn2+ concentrations within the cell or in the extracellular region occur following its release from Zn2+ binding metallothioneins, its transport across membranes by the ZnT or ZIP transporters, or release of vesicular Zn2+. These transients activate a distinct Zn2+ sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39, or modulate numerous proteins and signaling pathways. Importantly, Zn2+ signaling regulates cellular physiological functions such as: proliferation, differentiation, ion transport and secretion. Indeed, novel therapeutic approaches aimed to maintain Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling are evolving. This review focuses on recent findings describing roles of Zn2+ and its transporters in regulating physiological or pathological processes.
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