Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Volume 122, Issue 3, Pages 279-286Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10293
Keywords
mating effort; parenting effort; reproductive strategies; Swahili; challenge hypothesis
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Male variation in testosterone (T) levels may, in part, reflect a differential behavioral allocation to mating and parenting effort. This research tests whether demographic indicators of pair bonding and parenting were associated with salivary T levels among Kenyan Swahili men. Men in the sample were either unmarried (N = 17), monogamously married (N = 57), or polygynously married (N = 14), and between ages 29-52. In contrast with earlier findings among North American men, monogamously married men did not have lower T levels than unmarried men. However, among all married men, men with younger genetic children tended to have marginally lower T levels. Polygynously married men, all of whom had two wives, had higher T levels than all other Swahili men. Possible explanations of higher T levels among polygynously married men are explored. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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