Neuropsychological outcome in children with optic pathway tumours when first-line treatment is chemotherapy

Standard treatment of optic pathways gliomas consists of radiotherapy and surgery when feasible. Owing to the toxicity of irradiation, chemotherapy has emerged as an interesting therapeutic option, especially in young children. This study describes the neuropsychological profile of 27 children (aged between 1.5 and 15.7 years) with optic pathways gliomas treated with chemotherapy as first-line treatment. Eight of them also received radiotherapy as salvage treatment. Eight had neurofibromatosis type I (NFI). Intellectual outcome was preserved in children treated with chemotherapy only (mean = 107 +/- 17) compared to children also receiving radiotherapy (mean IQ = 88 +/- 24) or children having NFI and treated with chemotherapy (mean IQ = 80 +/- 13). Scores for abstract reasoning, mental arithmetic, chessboard/coding, perception, judgement of line orientation were lower in children irradiated than in those treated only by chemotherapy. Children with NfI showed subnormal IQ scores with marked impairment of short- and long-term memory. With respect to long-term neuropsychological outcome, our study shows that a chemotherapy-first strategy can preserve the intellectual outcome of these patients either by avoiding the need of radiotherapy or by delaying its use as much as possible.