Journal
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 48, Issue 1, Pages 67-75Publisher
I W A PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2003.0018
Keywords
algal ponds; Anammox; constructed wetlands; denitrification; duckweed ponds; life-cycle analysis (LCA); nitrification; nitrogen cycle; resource recovery; sustainable processes; wastewater treatment
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In this paper the sustainability of current available and future nitrogen removal systems has been investigated. For the assessment of the sustainability six indicators were used; sludge production; energy consumption, resource recovery; area requirement and N2O-emission. For the evaluation of the position of the individual nitrogen removal systems in the anthropogenic nitrogen cycle a broad outline for a life-cycle analysis has been presented.
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