Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 285, Issue 5, Pages H1797-H1818Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00407.2003
Keywords
adenosine; adenosine receptor activation; ischemia; reperfusion injury
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Cells of the cardiovascular system generate and release purine nucleoside adenosine in increasing quantities when constituent cells are stressed or subjected to injurious stimuli. This increased adenosine can interact with surface receptors in myocardial, vascular, fibroblast, and inflammatory cells to modulate cellular function and phenotype. Additionally, adenosine is rapidly reincorporated back into 5'-AMP to maintain the adenine nucleotide pool. Via these receptor-dependent and independent ( metabolic) paths, adenosine can substantially modify the acute response to ischemic insult, in addition to generating a more sustained ischemia-tolerant phenotype ( preconditioning). However, the molecular basis for acute adenosinergic cardioprotection remains incompletely understood and may well differ from more widely studied preconditioning. Here we review current knowledge and some controversies regarding acute cardioprotection via adenosine and adenosine receptor activation.
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