Pattern of interhemispheric synchronization in HVc during singing correlates with key transitions in the song pattern

Many complex voluntary behaviors require that motor commands be tightly coordinated between cerebral hemispheres. The neural mechanisms underlying such coordination, however, remain poorly understood. Song production in birds is a highly stereotyped learned motor behavior that requires finely tuned coordination between hemispheres. In the present study, neural activity was recorded simultaneously from the song control nucleus HVc in each hemisphere of singing adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). In all cases, the pattern of recorded multiunit activity in each hemisphere was highly correlated during short segments of the song motor pattern. These correlated segments often consisted of multiple short bursts of activity. Because of the absence of interhemispheric connections between song control nuclei, these observations suggest that HVc activity is synchronized by common inputs to both hemispheres. Using sliding-window cross-covariance analyses, periods of high interhemispheric synchronization were found to be time-locked to the acoustic onset of syllables and notes. In some cases, precisely synchronized bursts in both hemispheres were also observed during periods associated with the intersyllable silent interval. In all cases, activity was correlated between hemispheres independently of the recording site, suggesting that all regions of HVc may be globally synchronized during these short segments of the song. Given the anatomical organization of the song system, inputs originating from either thalamus or midbrain are proposed to act as timing signals that initiate and synchronize intrinsic motor networks within each HVc thus allowing for the precise coordination of motor commands across hemispheres.