Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
Volume 20, Issue 11, Pages 1233-1249Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
DOI: 10.1089/089771503770802907
Keywords
cortical neurons; excitotoxicity; glutamate receptor; head trauma; neuronal/glial interaction; stretch-injury
Funding
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01NS37313] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS037313] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Stretching of cultured neurons has been used to model diffuse axonal injury associated with brain trauma. N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of such injury. Here we detail the effects of culture condition and mGluR1 modulation on stretch-enhanced NMDA receptor activity, and show the presence of mGluR1 in addition to mGluR5 in glia. In cortical neurons grown in the absence (PN) or presence (NG) of a glial monolayer, stretch injury (5.7 mm) enhances NMDAR activity by increasing maximal NMDAR current, decreasing the voltage-dependent Mg2+ block, and altering the kinetic behavior of these receptors. In PN cultures, activation of mGluR1 increases stretch-enhanced NMDAR activity, whereas in NG cultures, such activity is reduced. In contrast, inhibition of mGluR1 in PN cultures limits stretch-enhanced NMDAR activity, whereas in NG cultures activity is increased. MGluR1 modulate stretch-enhanced NMDAR activity through multiple mechanisms including: altering peak or steady state current, affecting Mg2+ blockade of the NMDAR, or by changing NMDAR kinetics. The presence of glia significantly alters the nature of mGluR1-mediated modulation of NMDAR activity and stretch-induced injury. Together these data indicate a significant neuronal/glial interaction between glial mGluR1 and neuronal NMDA receptor activity.
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