Journal
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
Volume 360, Issue 2, Pages 195-207Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2077-4
Keywords
Mechanical stimulation; Extracellular matrix topography; Tendon differentiation; Tendon development; Stepwise differentiation
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Funding
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2012AA020503]
- National Key Scientific Program [2012CB966604]
- NSFC [81330041, 81125014, 31271041, 81401781, 81201396, J1103603]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR14H060001]
- Regenerative Medicine in Innovative Medical Subjects of Zhejiang Province
- Medical and health science and technology plan of department of Health of Zhejiang Province [2013RCA010]
- Postdoctoral Foundation of China [2014M561775, 2014M551759]
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Tendon injuries are commonly encountered in the clinic, disrupting the patient's normal work/life routine and damaging the career life of athletes. Currently, there is still no effective treatment for tendon injury. Tendon tissue engineering appears to be a promising route for tendon repair and regeneration. However, current strategies utilized in research are still far away from clinical applications due to unsuccessful cellular differentiation to tendon/tenocytes. In this review, we focus on the current physical strategies (mechanical stimulation and extracellular matrix topography) and evaluate their roles in precise and stepwise tendon differentiation. A systematic comprehension of normal tendon development process by structure, gene profile and physical microenvironment analysis is likely suggestive for stepwise tenocyte differentiation.
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