Efficient fine mapping of the naked caryopsis gene (nud) by HEGS (High Efficiency Genome Scanning)/AFLP in barley

The hulled or naked caryopsis character of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important trait for edibility and to follow its domestication process. A single recessive gene, nud, controls the naked caryopsis character, and is located on the long arm of chromosome 7H. To develop a fine map around the nud locus efficiently, the HEGS (High Efficiency Genome Scanning) electrophoresis system was combined with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). From bulked segregant analysis of 1,894 primer combinations, 12 AFLP fragments were selected as linked markers. For mapping, an F-2 population of 151 individuals derived from a cross between Kobinkatagi (naked type) and Triumph (hulled type) was used. Seven AFLP markers were localized near the nud region. A fine map was developed with one-order higher resolution than before, along with the seven anchor markers. Among the seven linked AFLP markers (KT1-7), KT1, KT2 and KT6 were co-dominant, and the former two were detected for their single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the same length of fragments after electrophoresis with the non-denaturing gels of HEGS. The nud locus has co-segregated with KT3 and KT7, and was flanked by KT2 and KT4, at the 0.3-cM proximal and the 1.2-cM distal side, respectively. Four of these AFLP markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, one of which was a dominant marker co-segregating with the nud gene.