Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 49, Issue 1, Pages 37-46Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10348
Keywords
H-1-[C-13]-NMR spectroscopy; [1,6-C-13(2)]-glucose; cerebral energy metabolism; glutamatergic neurotransmission; rat brain
Funding
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [P01HD032573] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK027121] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS034813, R01NS041947] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM [K02AA013430, P50AA012870] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIAAA NIH HHS [K02-AA13430, I-P50 AA-12870-01, P50 AA012870] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD032573, P01HD32573] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK27121, R01 DK027121] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS34813, R01 NS41947, R01 NS034813, R01 NS041947] Funding Source: Medline
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Localized, water-suppressed H-1-[C-13]-NMR spectroscopy was used to detect C-13-label accumulation in cerebral metabolites following the intravenous infusion of [1,6-C-13(2)]-glucose (Glc). The H-1-[C-13]-NMR method, based on adiabatic RF pulses, 3D image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) localization, and optimal shimming, yielded high-quality H-1-[13C]-NMR spectra with optimal NMR sensitivity. As a result, the C-13 labeling of [4-C-13]-glutamate (Glu) and [4-C-13]-glutamine (Gln) could be detected from relatively small volumes (100 muL) with a high temporal resolution. The formation of [n-C-13]-Glu, [n-C-13]-Gln (n = 2 or 3), [2-C-13]-aspartate (Asp), [3-C-13]-Asp, [3-C-13]-alanine (Ala), and [3-C-13]-lactate (Lac) was also observed to be reproducible. The C-13-label incorporation curves of [4-C-13]-Glu and [4-C-13]-Gln provided direct information on metabolic pathways. Using a two-compartment metabolic model, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux was determined as 0.52 +/- 6.04 mumol/min/g, while the glutamatergic neurotransmitter flux equaled 0.25 +/- 0.05 mumol/min/g, in good correspondence with previously determined values.
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