Journal
CELL
Volume 174, Issue 5, Pages 1054-1066Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.017
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- NIH
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Cure for IBD
- Jill Roberts Institute
- US NIH [UO1 AI095542, RO1 DE025884, RO1 DK103039]
- European Research Council (ERC) [311377 - NUTRIMMUNE]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Einstein Foundation Berlin
- Berlin Institute of Health
- ANR
- FRM
- CCFA
- Rainin Foundation
- Institut Pasteur
- HHMI
- SABRE Center at UCSF
- MRC [U105178805]
- Wellcome Trust [100963/Z/13/Z]
- Inserm
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program [695467 - ILC_REACTIVITY, 694502-TILC]
- advanced ERC grant [341038-AsthmaVir]
- Equipe Labellisee La Ligue''
- MSDAvenir
- Innate Pharma
- Marseille Immunopole
- CNRS
- Aix-Marseille University
- [16H02631]
- MRC [MC_U105178805] Funding Source: UKRI
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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphocytes that do not express the type of diversified antigen receptors expressed on T cells and B cells. ILCs are largely tissue-resident cells and are deeply integrated into the fabric of tissues. The discovery and investigation of ILCs over the past decade has changed our perception of immune regulation and how the immune system contributes to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. We now know that cytokine-producing ILCs contribute to multiple immune pathways by, for example, sustaining appropriate immune responses to commensals and pathogens at mucosal barriers, potentiating adaptive immunity, and regulating tissue inflammation. Critically, the biology of ILCs also extends beyond classical immunology to metabolic homeostasis, tissue remodeling, and dialog with the nervous system. The last 10 years have also contributed to our greater understanding of the transcriptional networks that regulate lymphocyte commitment and delineation. This, in conjunction with the recent advances in our understanding of the influence of local tissue microenvironments on the plasticity and function of ILCs, has led to a re-evaluation of their existing categorization. In this review, we distill the advances in ILC biology over the past decade to refine the nomenclature of ILCs and highlight the importance of ILCs in tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, metabolism, repair, and regeneration.
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