Journal
CELL
Volume 158, Issue 4, Pages 903-915Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.020
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Funding
- NIH [R24DK092760]
- HHMI
- NIH (Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium) [R24DK092760, UO1-HL100001, P50HG005550]
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- Doris Duke Medical Foundation
- Boston Children's Hospital Stem Cell Program
- NIDDK [K01DK096013]
- NHLBI [T32HL066987, T32HL007623]
- Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation
- Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine
- Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- program Science Without Borders (CNPq, Brazil)
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Somatic cell reprogramming, directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, and direct conversions between differentiated cell lineages represent powerful approaches to engineer cells for research and regenerative medicine. We have developed CellNet, a network biology platform that more accurately assesses the fidelity of cellular engineering than existing methodologies and generates hypotheses for improving cell derivations. Analyzing expression data from 56 published reports, we found that cells derived via directed differentiation more closely resemble their in vivo counterparts than products of direct conversion, as reflected by the establishment of target cell-type gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Furthermore, we discovered that directly converted cells fail to adequately silence expression programs of the starting population and that the establishment of unintended GRNs is common to virtually every cellular engineering paradigm. CellNet provides a platform for quantifying how closely engineered cell populations resemble their target cell type and a rational strategy to guide enhanced cellular engineering.
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