Journal
CELL
Volume 153, Issue 7, Pages 1567-1578Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.040
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Funding
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [P505/10/1401, 13-01878S]
- Program for Promotion of Basic
- Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN)
- KAKENHI [22128001, 22128007]
- Royal Society and Somerville College
- University of Oxford
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
- Utah Agricultural Experiment Station
- NIH [R01GM076007, R01GM093182]
- Packard Fellowship
- University of Miami
- NSF [IOS-1121847, IOS-1256680]
- Montana NSF-EPSCoR [EPS0701906]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22128007] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1121847, 1256680] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K009516/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/K009516/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The smallest reported bacterial genome belongs to Tremblaya princeps, a symbiont of Planococcus citri mealybugs (PCIT). Tremblaya PCIT not only has a 139 kb genome, but possesses its own bacterial endosymbiont, Moranella endobia. Genome and transcriptome sequencing, including genome sequencing from a Tremblaya lineage lacking intracellular bacteria, reveals that the extreme genomic degeneracy of Tremblaya PCIT likely resulted from acquiring Moranella as an endosymbiont. In addition, at least 22 expressed horizontally transferred genes from multiple diverse bacteria to the mealybug genome likely complement missing symbiont genes. However, none of these horizontally transferred genes are from Tremblaya, showing that genome reduction in this symbiont has not been enabled by gene transfer to the host nucleus. Our results thus indicate that the functioning of this three-way symbiosis is dependent on genes from at least six lineages of organisms and reveal a path to intimate endosym-biosis distinct from that followed by organelles.
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