Journal
CELL
Volume 148, Issue 3, Pages 434-446Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.023
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Funding
- NIH
- American Cancer Society
- Mallinckrodt Scholar Award
- educational ministry of Spain
- NWRCE for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Wellcome Trust
- American Skin Association
- Dermatology Foundation
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Susceptibility to tuberculosis is historically ascribed to an inadequate immune response that fails to control infecting mycobacteria. In zebrafish, we find that susceptibility to Mycobacterium marinum can result from either inadequate or excessive acute inflammation. Modulation of the leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA4H) locus, which controls the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, reveals two distinct molecular routes to mycobacterial susceptibility converging on dysregulated TNF levels: inadequate inflammation causedby excess lipoxins and hyperinflammation driven by excess leukotriene B-4. We identify therapies that specifically target each of these extremes. In humans, we identify a single nucleotide polymorphism in the LTA4H promoter that regulates its transcriptional activity. In tuberculous meningitis, the polymorphism is associated with inflammatory cell recruitment, patient survival and response to adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy. Together, our findings suggest that host-directed therapies tailored to patient LTA4H genotypes may counter detrimental effects of either extreme of inflammation.
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