Journal
CELL
Volume 144, Issue 5, Pages 689-702Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.010
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Funding
- Bachmann Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson's Disease Foundation
- Samsung Scholarship Foundation
- [NS38377]
- [NS048206]
- [NS051764]
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A hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the preferential loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Here, we identify a new parkin interacting substrate, PARIS (ZNF746), whose levels are regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system via binding to and ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, parkin. PARIS is a KRAB and zinc finger protein that accumulates in models of parkin inactivation and in human PD brain. PARIS represses the expression of the transcriptional coactivator, PGC-1 alpha and the PGC-1 alpha target gene, NRF-1 by binding to insulin response sequences in the PGC-1 alpha promoter. Conditional knockout of parkin in adult animals leads to progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in a PARIS-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of PARIS leads to the selective loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra, and this is reversed by either parkin or PGC-1 alpha coexpression. The identification of PARIS provides a molecular mechanism for neurodegeneration due to parkin inactivation.
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