Periodontal conditions in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective: Our aim was to compare the periodontal conditions in a group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with those in a control group of healthy subjects (CTR). Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients with JIA and 24 controls were selected. The measurements used to diagnose periodontal disease included plaque and bleeding scores, probing depths (PDs) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Laboratory indicators of JIA activity included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and capsule-reactive protein (CRP). The Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the data (alpha=0.05). Results: The mean ages were 15.9 (+/-2.7) years and 14.7 (+/-2.3) years for groups JIA and CTR, respectively. The median ESR was 42 mm/h in the JIA group and 13 mm/h in the CTR group (p=0.032) and the median CRP was 1.9 and 0.4 mg/l, respectively (p=0.001). The prevalence of patients with a proximal attachment loss of 2 mm or more in the JIA group was 25% and in controls it was 4.2%. The mean percentages of visible plaque and marginal bleeding were similar in the JIA (54+/-22 and 30+/-16, respectively) and CTR groups (44+/-18 and 29+/-11, respectively). The mean percentages of sites with PDgreater than or equal to4 mm were significantly higher in the JIA group (3+/-4.7) than in the CTR group (0.4+/-1.7) (p=0.012). The mean percentages of sites with proximal CALgreater than or equal to2 mm were 0.7 (+/-1.4) in the JIA group and 0.001 (+/-0.2) in the CTR group (p=0.022). Conclusion: Adolescents with JIA present more periodontal attachment loss than healthy controls, in spite of similar plaque and marginal bleeding levels.