Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 10, Issue 24, Pages 2705-2709Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/0929867033456314
Keywords
organophosphates; nerve gas; nerve gas antidotes; pralidoxime; 2-PAM; HI-6; reduction potentials; insecticides; oxidative stress; iminium; oximes; DNA alkylation; captodative effect; electron transfer
Funding
- FIC NIH HHS [5T37TW00067] Funding Source: Medline
- FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER [T37TW000067] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Evidence indicates that nerve gas toxins operate in ways in addition to inhibition of acetylcholine esterase. Alternative bioactivities are discussed with focus on electron transfer. The main class, including pralidoxime (2-PAM), incorporates conjugated iminium and oxime moieties that are electron affinic. Various physiological properties of iminium and oxime species are reviewed. The organophosphates encompass both nerve gases and insecticides, possessing similar properties, but different activities. Toxic manifestations are apparently due, in part, to oxidative stress. Alkylation of DNA takes place which may lead to generation of reactive oxygen species. Structure-activity relationships are examined, including reduction potentials and the captodative effect.
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