Characterization of individual rock magnetic components by analysis of remanence curves. 3. Bacterial magnetite and natural processes in lakes

The analysis of magnetization curves with model functions has been proposed independently in several works as a method to unmix and characterize magnetic minerals assemblages in sediments and sedimentary rocks. Unfortunately, a successful result of such analysis relies on time-consuming measurements and on the choice of appropriate model functions. However, once the magnetic properties of individual magnetic components have been determined on a small set of selected samples, a simpler and faster analysis of similar samples is possible. The fast analysis of a large number of samples allows investigation of the effect of natural processes on the properties of single magnetic components. The simplification of the unmixing problem proposed in this paper is based on an iterative linearization procedure, which considers the variability of magnetic components. Any simplification of the unmixing problem is limited by a minimum number of parameters, which are required to fully characterize a magnetic component. It has been shown that a combination of four parameters, so-called magnetic fingerprints, is sufficient for a complete characterization of the remanent magnetization of a component. The usefulness of magnetic fingerprints in tracking natural processes is demonstrated exemplarily for lake sediments. The response of Baldeggersee (Switzerland) to environmental changes has been investigated, with special regard to the role of bacterial magnetite in the iron cycle and its possible use as a sensitive paleoredox indicator. The relation between the magnetic properties of lake sediments on one hand, and climatic, tectonic- and human-driven environmental changes on the other, is strongly non-linear. Therefore, a classic correlation between so-called magnetic proxies and environmental signals should be considered