Journal
STEM CELLS
Volume 22, Issue 6, Pages 941-949Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.22-6-941
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Funding
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD042011] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NICHD NIH HHS [1R01HD42011-01] Funding Source: Medline
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The restricted potential of a differentiated cell can be reverted back to a pluripotent state by cell fusion; totipotency can even be regained after somatic cell nuclear transfer. To identify factors involved in resetting the genetic program of a differentiated cell, we fused embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with neurosphere cells (NSCs). The fusion activated Oct4, a gene essential for pluripotency, in NSCs. To further identify whether cytoplasmic or nuclear factors are responsible for its reactivation, we fused either karyoplasts or cytoplasts of ESCs with NSCs. Our results show that ESC karyoplasts could induce Oct4 expression in the somatic genome, but cytoplasts lacked this ability. In addition, mitomycin C-treated ESCs, although incapable of DNA replication and cell division, could reprogram 5-azacytidine-treated NSCs. We therefore conclude that the Oct4 reprogramming capacity resides in the ESC karyoplast and that gene reactivation is independent of DNA replication and cell division.
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