Cell cycle regulator expression after coronary stenting in humans - Immunohistochemical examination

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is under the control of cell cycle regulator activity, which is induced by several growth factors. Recent attention has been drawn to treatments that target cell cycle regulators to prevent the proliferation of VSMCs after coronary angioplasty. However, histopathological evaluation of cell cycle regulator expression after human coronary stenting has not been sufficient. Thirty-one coronary arteries of 23 cadavers were examined. Time from stent implantation to patient death ranged from 0 to 235 days. Sections were stained with antibodies against platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), cyclin D1, p16, p21, and p27. Staining for macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (MCSF-R) was conducted to detect dedifferentiated VSMCs. MCSF-R-positive cells were observed in neointima but decreased in the late stage. PDGF was detected in neointima and decreased gradually. Expression of cyclin D1 appeared to be associated with the proliferation of VSMCs, whereas p27 was downregulated with the proliferation of neointima and upregulated in the late stage. Our results suggest that one of the most promising methods for preventing excessive proliferation of neointima after stenting is to limit the decrease in p27 or the increase in cyclin D1.