Journal
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 6-11Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2003.11.001
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- NIMH NIH HHS [MH59268] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS43196] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH059268] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS043196] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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In mammals and birds, the sex of the gonads is determined by genes on the sex chromosomes. For example, the mammalian Y-linked gene Sry causes testis differentiation.. The testes then secrete testosterone, which acts on the brain (often after conversion to estradiol) to cause masculine patterns of development. If this were the only reason for sex differences in neural development, then XX and XY brain cells would have to be deemed otherwise equivalent. This equivalence is doubtful because of recent experimental results demonstrating that some XX and XY tissues, including the brain, are sexually dimorphic even when they develop in a similar endocrine environment. Although X and Y genes probably influence brain phenotype in a sex-specific manner, much more information is needed to identify the magnitude and character of these effects.
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