Oriented distance function and its evolution equation for initial sets with thin boundary

The central result of this paper is a new nonlinear equation which describes the evolution of the oriented distance function b(Omega) of a set Omega with thin boundary under the influence of a velocity field. We relate it to equations and constructions used in the context of level set methods. We further introduce a new moving narrow-band method which not only can be readily implemented to solve our evolution equation, but could also be used for equations of motion by curvatures. In the process we review and sharpen the characterization of smooth sets and manifolds and sets of positive reach (e.g., local semiconvexity in an extended sense of the oriented distance function of the closure of the set). For W(2,p)-Sobolev domains a new characterization and a compactness theorem are given in terms of the Laplacian of the oriented distance function rather than its whole Hessian matrix.