Journal
CATALYSIS TODAY
Volume 234, Issue -, Pages 167-173Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.042
Keywords
Solid acid; Free fatty acid esterification; Periodic mesoporous organic materials; Inverse gas chromatography; Hydrophobicity; Biodiesel
Funding
- EPSRC [EP/K000616/1, EP/F063423/1, EP/G007594/3]
- Royal Society
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K000616/2, EP/F063423/2, EP/G007594/3, EP/K000616/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/G007594/3, EP/F063423/2, EP/K000616/2, EP/K000616/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Sulfonic acid functionalised periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PrSO3H-PMOs) with tunable hydrophobicity were synthesised via a surfactant-templating route, and characterised by porosimetry, TEM, XRD, XPS, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and ammonia pulse chemisorption. IGC reveals that incorporation of ethyl or benzyl moieties into a mesoporous SBA-15 silica framework significantly increases the nonspecific dispersive surface energy of adsorption for alkane adsorption, while decreasing the free energy of adsorption of methanol, reflecting increased surface hydrophobicity. The non-specific dispersive surface energy of adsorption of PMO-SO3H materials is strongly correlated with their activity towards palmitic acid esterification with methanol, demonstrating the power of IGC as an analytical tool for identifying promising solid acid catalysts for the esterification of free fatty acids. A new parameter [-Delta G(NP-P)(c)], defined as the per carbon difference in Gibbs free energy of adsorption between alkane and polar probe molecules, provides a simple predictor of surface hydrophobicity and corresponding catalyst activity in fatty acid esterification. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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