Journal
CATALYSIS TODAY
Volume 195, Issue 1, Pages 127-135Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.03.066
Keywords
Xylose; 2-Furfuraldehyde; Acid dehydration; Zirconium; Tungsten; By-products identification
Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)
- Programa Operacional Ciencia e Inovacao (POCI)
- Orcamento do Estado (OE)
- Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) [POCTI/QUI/56112/2004]
- CICECO
- QOPNA (Research Unit 62/94) [PEst-C/QUI/UI0062/2011]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/61648/2009, SRFH/BPD/23765/2005]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/61648/2009] Funding Source: FCT
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Zirconium-tungsten mixed oxides (ZrW) are effective catalysts in the aqueous-phase dehydration of D-xylose to 2-furfuraldehyde (Fur), at 170 degrees C. The texture and acid properties of ZrW materials were modified to enhance Fur yields. The catalysts prepared by co-condensation without a templating agent (ZrW(X), X = NO3, Cl; X is related to the type of zirconium precursor) possess relatively low specific surface area and amounts of accessible acid sites, leading to a modest Fur yield of ca. 35% at 99% conversion. The use of a templating agent in the preparation of mesoporous ZrW (ZrW-MP) increased considerably the specific surface area and the amount of accessible acid sites, which resulted in enhanced Fur yields (42%) reached at comparable conversions. Further improvements in Fur yields at high conversions were accomplished by introducing aluminium in the catalyst preparation procedure to give ZrAlW-MP (51% yield at 98% conversion). Fairly good catalytic results were also obtained in the case of the ZrAlW-MP catalyst, using solely water as solvent (46% yield at 93% conversion). A study of the identification of the reaction by-products by two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToFMS) was carried out. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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