Genotypic effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera) defensive behavior at the individual and colony levels: the relationship of guarding, pursuing and stinging

We analyzed the relationships of the guarding, stinging, pursuing and alarm pheromone responses of two types of bees: European (EHB) and Africanized honey bees (AHB). Single type ( source colonies) and two-type (EHB and AHB co-fostered) colonies were used. Of co-fostered bees, AHB comprised 81% of those that stung during the first 10 s. But from 10 to 30 s, AHB and EHB were equally likely to sting. However, when tested in their own colonies, two of the three EHB types did not sting and did not pursue in any of the eight trials conducted, whereas all three AHB types did in all trials. Moreover, AHB represented 90% of bees that stung observers during an 18-day observation period (25% of which were recently seen guarding). There was a relationship between pursuing and stinging of the six source colonies and the guarding behavior of co-fostered individuals from those sources. Results suggest that the more defensive bee types guard longer and may affect the thresholds of response of less defensive bees, recruiting them to sting. Results also suggest that the individual performance of different defensive tasks cause interactions that result in increased colony response.