Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 58, Issue -, Pages 75-98Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123620
Keywords
microbial development; morphogenesis; sporulation; gliding motility; type IV pili
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R37GM023441, R01GM023441] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM23441] Funding Source: Medline
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Myxobacteria use soluble and cell-contact signals during their starvation-induced formation of fruiting bodies. These signals coordinate developmental gene expression with the cell movements that build fruiting bodies. Early in development, the quorum-sensing A-signal in Myxococcus xanthus helps to assess starvation and induce the first stage of aggregation. Later, the morphogenetic C-signal helps to pattern cell movement and shape the fruiting body. C-signal is a 17-kDa cell surface protein that signals by contact between the ends of two cells. The number of C-signal molecules per cell rises 100-fold from the beginning of fruiting body development to the end, when spores are formed. Traveling waves, streams, and sporulation have increasing thresholds for C-signal activity, and this progression ensures that spores form inside fruiting bodies.
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