Inhibition of lithium dendrites by fumed silica-based composite electrolytes

Lithium dendrite formation is investigated via in situ microscopy in a liquid electrolyte containing polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether + lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and composite gel-like electrolytes formed by dispersing nanometer-size fumed silica into the liquid. Fumed silicas with either hydrophilic silanol surface groups or hydrophobic octyl surface groups were employed. Dendrites with current density-dependent morphology are formed in liquid electrolyte but addition of fumed silica inhibits their formation, with hydrophilic fumed silica having a more pronounced effect than hydrophobic silica. The dendrite inhibition effect of fumed silica is attributed to its abilities to form a continuous network with elastic-like properties and scavenge impurities from the electrolyte. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.