Journal
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
Volume 87, Issue 2, Pages 320-330Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq146
Keywords
Shear stress; Permeability; Hydraulic conductivity; Glycocalyx; Nitric oxide
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Funding
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [RO1 HL-57093]
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The shear stress of flowing blood on the surfaces of endothelial cells that provide the barrier to transport of solutes and water between blood and the underlying tissue modulates the permeability to solutes and the hydraulic conductivity. This review begins with a discussion of transport pathways across the endothelium and then considers the experimental evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies that shows an influence of shear stress on endothelial transport properties after both acute (minutes to hours) and chronic (hours to days) changes in shear stress. Next, the effects of shear stress on individual transport pathways (tight junctions, adherens junctions, vesicles and leaky junctions) are described, and this information is integrated with the transport experiments to suggest mechanisms controlling both acute and chronic responses of transport properties to shear stress. The review ends with a summary of future research challenges.
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