Characterization of combustion fullerene soot, C-60, and mixed fullerene

Three commercially available carbon nanoparticles, i.e., combustion fullerene soot, C-60-fullerene, and mixed fullerene, have been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as surface measurements. Fullerene soot contained a mixture of fullerenic carbons and carbon blacks. Face-centered cubic structure was a predominant phase in the C-60-fullerene sample with graphitic and amorphous carbons being minor phases, whereas mixed fullerene was a mixture of fullerene, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and trace amounts of amorphous carbons. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.