Temperatures and kinetics of anatase to rutile transformation in doped TiO2 heated in microwave field

The influence of aliovalent ions such as Mn, Cr, Fe, Mo, and V on the temperature and kinetics of anatase to rutile phase transformation in TiO2 heated in microwave field was studied in this work. The results indicated that heat treatment method and dopants considerably affected the anatase-to-rutile phase transition temperature and kinetics of transformation. The activation energy for anatase to rutile transformation of TiO2 derived from the isothermal data was found to be 328.4 kJ mol(-1), which was considerably reduced by the addition of dopants in TiO2 matrix. The activation energy for Mo, Mn and V doped samples was 252.0, 101.3 and 96.4 kJ mol(-1), respectively.