Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 81-92Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10666
Keywords
linear programming; gradient; rapid imaging; spiral; moment-nulling
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA50948] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39297, HL56394] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAMS NIH HHS [AR46904] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [EB000346, EB000777-01] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA050948] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL039297, R01HL056394] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES [R01AR046904] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R33EB000777, R01EB000346] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited in many cases by long scan times and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in gradient systems hardware allow very rapid imaging sequences, such as steady-state free precession (SSFP), which has repetition times (TRs) of 2-5 ms. The design of these rapid sequences demands time-optimal preparatory gradient waveforms to provide maximum readout duty-cycle, and preserve spatial resolution and SNR while keeping TRs low. Time-optimal gradient waveforms can be synthesized analytically for certain simple cases. However, certain problems, such as time-optimal 2D and 3D gradient design with moment constraints, either may not have a solution or must be solved numerically. We show that time-optimal gradient design is a convex-optimization problem, for which very efficient solution methods exist. These methods can be applied to solve gradient design problems for oblique gradient design, spiral imaging, and flow-encoding using either a constant slew rate or the more exact voltage-limited gradient models. Ultimately, these methods provide a time-optimal solution to many 2D and 3D gradient design problems in a sufficiently short time for interactive imaging. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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