Transforming growth factor-β and abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are common problems in aged people which can be associated with severe complications including aortic rupture and death. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) has been implicated as causative in the development of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). In contrast, current evidence suggests TGF beta inhibits AAA development. Polymorphisms in the TGF beta signaling components are associated with AAA in some human population studies. In experimental animals TGF beta protects against AAA formation, progression and rupture. In animal models of AAA TGF beta decreases aortic inflammatory cell infiltration, extracellular matrix degradation, and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, all factors implicated in AAA pathogenesis. The TGF beta signaling pathway may provide a therapeutic target for AAA although better clarity is needed regarding the distinct roles of TGF beta in TAA and AAA. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.