Journal
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 47, Issue -, Pages 214-226Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.027
Keywords
BDNF; craving; cocaine cues; extinction; incubation; glutamate receptors; neuroadaptations; priming; reinstatement; relapse; review; sucrose; withdrawal
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [ZIADA000434, Z01DA000434] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Using a rat model of drug craving and relapse, we recently found that cocaine seeking induced by re-exposure to drug-associated cues progressively increases over the first 2 months after withdrawal from cocaine self-administration, suggesting that drug craving incubates over time [Nature 412 (2001) 141]. Here, we summarize data from studies that further characterized this incubation phenomenon and briefly discuss its implications for drug addiction. The main findings of our ongoing research are: 1. Incubation of cocaine craving is long-lasting, but not permanent: cocaine seeking induced by exposure to cocaine cues remains elevated for up to 3 months of withdrawal, but decreases after 6 months. 2. Incubation of reward craving is not drug specific: sucrose seeking induced by re-exposure to the reward cues also increases after withdrawal, but for a time period that is shorter than that of cocaine. 3. Incubation of cocaine craving is not evident after acute re-exposure to cocaine itself: cocaine seeking induced by cocaine priming injections remains essentially unchanged over the first 6 months of withdrawal. 4. Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal is associated with increases in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in meso-limbic dopamine areas. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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