Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 12, Issue 18, Pages 2163-2175Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/0929867054637617
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Copper ions, either alone or in copper complexes, have been used to disinfect liquids, solids and human tissue for centuries. Today copper is used as a water purifier, algaecide, fungicide, nematocide, molluscicide as well as an antibacterial and anti-fouling agent. Copper also displays potent anti-viral activity. This article reviews (i) the biocidal properties of copper; (ii) the possible mechanisms by which copper is toxic to microorganisms; and (iii) the systems by which many microorganisms resist high concentrations of heavy metals, with an emphasis on copper.
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