Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 12, Issue 25, Pages 2995-3009Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/092986705774462905
Keywords
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; transcription factors; molecular mechanisms; inflammatory cells; inflammatory diseases; atherosclerosis; fibrosis; cancer
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The three isotypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPAR alpha, beta/delta and gamma, are ligand-inducible transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. PPARs are implicated in the control of inflammatory responses and in energy homeostasis and thus, can be defined as metabolic and anti-inflammatory transcription factors. They exert their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins or by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, PPARs modulate the proliferation, differentiation and survival of immune cells including macrophages, B cells and T cells. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which PPARs and their ligands modulate the inflammatory response. In addition, it presents recent developments implicating PPAR specific ligands in potential treatments of inflammation-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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