Spatial distribution of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata in low-energy tide-dominated sandy beaches

The spatial distribution of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Crustacea, Brachyura) was described in five low-energy tide-dominated sandy beaches in Sao Sebastiao Channel (Grande, Zimbro, Pitangueiras, Cabelo Gordo, and Segredo). On each beach, the zonation study was performed on five random 1 m wide transects sampled from the water line to the vegetation. In general, individuals occurred above 1 m in height in relation to mean low water (MLW) and peaked between 1.5 and 2.0 m. The sandy beaches were then divided into three 1 m wide strips (tidal levels) parallel to the water line and equivalent to medium intertidal, upper intertidal, and subterrestrial fringe to test the effect of beach and tidal level on the abundance and size of O. quadrata. These strips were sampled as a whole using adjacent 1 m 2 squares. A previous evaluation showed a positive significant relationship between carapace length and burrow diameter, thus supporting crab size estimates from burrow openings. The smallest individuals occurred mainly in the medium intertidal, but were also recorded in the subterrestrial fringe, which was occupied mainly by large-sized individuals. In general, the individuals were randomly dispersed within the strips and concentrated in the upper intertidal zone on all the sandy beaches. The density of O. quadrata varied among beaches, with a tendency to lower values on areas with very fine and poorly or moderately sorted sediments and on that most used for recreational activities (Grande). Burrow size also varied among beaches, with a tendency of smaller burrows in areas with coarser sand grains and higher tourism. These results indicate that the effect of human impact on density and size of O. quadrata may be confounded by the high environmental heterogeneity of the studied system, which may make it difficult to utilize this species as an indicator of the conservation status of low-energy tide-dominated sandy beaches.